问：世卫组织突发事件委员会近期召开会议并宣布延长2019冠状病毒病疫情构成“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”（PHEIC）状态，您如何看待这一决定及相关建议？
答：突发事件委员会由国际专家组成，负责在出现国际关注的突发公共卫生事件（PHEIC）时在以下方面向世卫组织总干事提供技术建议：
一事件是否构成“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”（PHEIC）；
针对正受“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”影响国家或其他国家的临时建议，以预防或减少疾病的国际传播，避免对国际贸易和旅行的不必要干扰；
何时结束“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”状态。
了解更多关于《国际卫生条例(2005)》和突发事件委员会的信息，请前往以下网址。
https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/q-a-detail/what-are-the-international-health-regulations-and-emergency-committees
根据《国际卫生条例》的正常程序，突发事件委员会在针对某事件举行会议后3个月内重新召开会议，对临时建议进行审查。突发事件委员会的上次会议是在2020年1月30日举行，由此于4月30日再次召开了会议，对2019冠状病毒病大流行疫情的演变情况进行评价，并对建议的更新提出意见。
世界卫生组织（世卫组织）5月1日发表声明，其突发事件委员会一致认为，目前的2019冠状病毒病疫情仍构成“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”。
阅读5月1日声明全文：
https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/detail/01-05-2020-statement-on-the-third-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)
-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)
突发事件委员会在5月1日的声明中提出了一系列建议。其中，突发事件委员会建议世卫组织与世界动物卫生组织和联合国粮食及农业组织合作，帮助确定病毒的动物来源。此前，突发事件委员会还曾于1月23日和30日建议世卫组织和中国努力确认疫情的动物来源。
阅读1月23日声明全文：
https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/detail/23-01-2020-statement-on-the-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)
-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
阅读1月30日声明全文：
https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)
-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
问：有世卫组织专家近日表示，现有的科学证据显示2019冠状病毒病是自然发生的。您是否认同这一观点？
答：到目前为止的所有现有证据显示，该病毒源于自然界中的动物，并非人为制造或合成。许多研究人员已经研究了该病毒的基因组特征，发现证据不支持该病毒来源于实验室制造的说法。了解更多有关病毒来源的信息，前往下方网址，查阅4月23日的《世卫组织每日情况报告》（英文）：
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200423-sitrep-94-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=b8304bf0_4
在世卫组织-中国2019冠状病毒病联合考察期间，世卫组织与中国共同确定了一系列优先研究领域，以填补2019冠状病毒病的知识空白，其中就包括探索2019冠状病毒病的动物源头。世卫组织获知中国已开展或计划开展多项探索疫情来源的研究，包括对2019年末武汉市及周边地区出现症状患者的研究、首先发现人感染病例地区的市场和养殖场的环境采样，以及这些市场销售的野生动物和养殖动物的来源及种类的详细记录等。
前往下方网址，阅读《世卫组织-中国2019冠状病毒病联合考察报告》（英文）:
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19---final-report-1100hr-28feb2020-11mar-update.pdf?sfvrsn=1a13fda0_2
上述研究的结果对预防类似疫情暴发将至关重要，中国也具备开展上述研究的临床、流行病学和实验室的能力。
世卫组织目前未参与中国相关研究的工作，但有兴趣也愿意应中国政府的邀请，同国际合作伙伴一道参与有关动物源头的研究。
问：您对世卫组织同中国下阶段合作有何设想？
答：关于2019冠状病毒病，中国的研发能力可为全球疫苗及治疗方法的研发做出贡献,并帮助将其研发成果提供给所有需要的人。中国同其他国家一道在为控制疫情而分享经验、研发诊断试剂及设备方面所提供的支持，对帮助卫生资源匮乏的国家应对2019冠状病毒病疫情至关重要。
中国已经过了抗击疫情的第一个高峰期，现在的挑战是复工复学后如何防止疫情反弹。在群体免疫力、有效治疗手段或疫苗出现之前，该病毒仍对我们构成威胁。展望未来，通过在不同场所采取的日常感染预防措施来减少各人群的风险仍十分必要。现在我们仍不能放松警惕，掉以轻心。
回想起一月份我在武汉考察的经历，我想借此机会再次对全中国和全世界奋战在一线的临床医务人员和公共卫生工作者表达我的敬意。
世卫组织将继续与中国密切合作，不仅在应对2019冠状病毒病疫情方面合作，而且还将继续在免疫接种、减少高血压和糖尿病等慢性疾病、消除疟疾、控制结核病和肝炎等传染病、提高全体人民的健康水平等其他卫生优先领域合作，并为所有人建立一个更健康的未来提供支持。
Q&A with Dr Galea on COVID-19
Q: In the latest meeting of the WHO Emergency Committee, the members of the committee decided to extend the PHEIC status of the COVID-19 pandemic. What is your take on this decision and its recommendations?
A: The Emergency Committee is made up of international experts who provide technical advice to the WHO Director-General in the context of a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). The Committee provides views on:
whether the event constitutes a PHEIC;
the Temporary Recommendations that should be taken by the country experiencing a PHEIC or by other countries to prevent or reduce the international spread of disease and avoid unnecessary interference with international trade and travel; and
the termination of a PHEIC.
More on the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) and Emergency Committees:
https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/what-are-the-international-health-regulations-and-emergency-committees
As per normal procedures under the IHR, Emergency Committees reconvene within 3 months of a meeting to review temporary recommendations. The previous meeting of this committee was on 30 January 2020. The Emergency Committee reconvened on 30 April to evaluate the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to advise on updated recommendations.
The World Health Organization (WHO) announced on 1 May that its Emergency Committee unanimously agreed that the current outbreak remains a “public health emergency of international concern.”
Read the statement on 1 May: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/01-05-2020-statement-on-the-third-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)
In its 1 May statement the Emergency Committee made a series of recommendations. Among those, the Emergency Committee recommended that WHO work with the International Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to help identify the animal source of the virus. This follows earlier recommendations from the Emergency Committee to WHO and to China on 23 January and 30 January to pursue efforts to identify the animal source of the outbreak.
Read the statement on 23 Jan: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/23-01-2020-statement-on-the-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
Read the statement on 30 Jan: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
Q: Recently, WHO experts said the available scientific evidence suggests that the COVID-19 virus is naturally occurring. Would you share your view on this?
A: All available evidence to date suggests that the virus has a natural animal origin and is not a manipulated or constructed virus. Many researchers have been able to look at the genomic features of the virus and have found that evidence does not support that it is a laboratory construct. More on the virus origin can be found in the WHO Situation Report published on 23 April.
Read the situation report: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200423-sitrep-94-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=b8304bf0_4
During the WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19 in February, WHO and China jointly identified a set of research priorities to address knowledge gaps, including the animal source of the COVID-19 virus. WHO was advised that a number of investigations to better understand the source of the outbreak in China were underway or planned, including investigations of human cases with symptom onset in and around Wuhan in late 2019, environmental sampling from markets and farms in areas where the first human cases were identified, and detailed records on the source and type of wildlife species and farmed animals sold in these markets.
Read the Joint Mission report: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19---final-report-1100hr-28feb2020-11mar-update.pdf?sfvrsn=1a13fda0_2
Results from these studies will be crucial to helping prevent similar outbreaks in the future, and China has the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory capacity to conduct such studies.
WHO is not currently involved in the research in China but would be interested and willing to work with international partners to participate in investigations around the animal origins at the invitation of the Chinese Government.
Q: What is your vision for the next phase of cooperation between WHO and China?
A: Regarding COVID-19, China’s research and development capacity can contribute to global efforts to develop a vaccine and treatments, and to help make them accessible to all who need them. The support China is providing along with other countries to share expertise and contribute to the development of diagnostics and equipment for epidemic control is critical to assist countries with less resourced health systems respond to COVID-19.
China has passed the first peak in its fight against COVID-19 epidemic. The challenge now is to prevent further peaks as normal routines resume. Until there is either population-wide immunity, effective treatment, or a proven vaccine, the virus remains a risk to people. Moving forward, reducing risk across the population through everyday infection prevention in all settings is essential. Now is not the time to let down our guard.
I think of my own visit to Wuhan in January and want to again pay tribute to the frontline health workers across China and indeed around the world, both in the clinical and public health fields.
WHO will continue its close cooperation with China – not only the COVID-19 response but also on other essential health priorities such as immunization, reduction in chronic diseases like hypertension and diabetes, eradicating malaria, controlling infectious diseases like tuberculosis and hepatitis, and helping to build a healthier future for all people.
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