linux——mount介绍

mount

[语法]:mount[-r] [device] [dir]

[说明]:将设备安装到目录下

-r 以只读方式安装

-t 指定设备的文件系统类型

常见的文件系统类型有：

ext2 linux目前常用的文件系统

msdos MS-DOS的fat，就是fat16

vfat Windows98常用的fat32

nfs 网络文件系统

iso9660 CD-ROM光盘标准文件系统

ntfs Windows NT/2000/XP的文件系统

auto 自动检测系统

1.-t vfstype 指定文件系统的类型，通常不必指定，mount 会自动选择正确的类型:

光盘或光盘镜像：iso9660

DOS fat16文件系统：msdos

Windows 9x fat32文件系统：vfat

Windows NT ntfs文件系统：ntfs

Mount Windows文件网络共享：smbfs

UNIX(LINUX) 文件网络共享：nfs

2.-o options 主要用来描述设备或档案的挂接方式。

loop：用来把一个文件当成硬盘分区挂接上系统

ro：采用只读方式挂接设备

rw：采用读写方式挂接设备

iocharset：指定访问文件系统所用字符集

3.device 要挂接(mount)的设备。

4.dir设备在系统上的挂接点(mount point)。

查看信息，挂载U盘

[root@localhost ~]# more /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 20971520 sda
8 1 307200 sda1
8 2 2097152 sda2
8 3 18566144 sda3
7 0 104857600 loop0
7 1 2097152 loop1
253 0 104857600 dm-0
8 16 15729664 sdb
8 17 14984192 sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c5f28
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 616448 4810751 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4810752 41943039 18566144 83 Linux
Disk /dev/loop0: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop1: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/docker-8:3-1136616-pool: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 16.1 GB, 16107175936 bytes, 31459328 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 1490944 31459327 14984192 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

#/dev/sdb1即为外插U盘设备

#装载U盘

mount /dev/sdb1 ./mnt_usb
mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 ./mnt_usb

[root@localhost ~]# df -H
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 20G 17G 3.0G 85% /
devtmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev
tmpfs 511M 35M 477M 7% /run
tmpfs 511M 0 511M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 103M 50k 103M 1% /run/user/1002

[root@localhost ~]# mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=482584k,nr_inodes=120646,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,mode=755)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
/dev/sda3 on / type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/user/1002 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=99796k,mode=700,uid=1002,gid=1002)

umount

[语法]:umount 设备

[说明]:将已安装的文件系统卸下

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sdb1

2022-9-21